Summary

The European Central Bank estimates the digital euro will cost European banks 4-6 billion euros over four years, with the ECB incurring 1.3 billion euros in setup costs and 300 million euros annually in operational costs. Banks will recoup costs through merchant fees for digital euro services, while merchants will benefit from capped fees lower than those of international payment networks.

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/business/digital-euro-cost-eu-banks-4-6-billion-euros-over-4-years-ecb-estimates-5940526